定语从句是指修饰某个名词或代词的从句。它通常用来进一步说明这个名词或代词的特征、属性、状态等。定语从句常用的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that,关系副词有when, where, why。定语从句可以分为以下几种:
1、关系代词引导的定语从句:who, whom, whose, which, that等。例如:
- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(穿着红色连衣裙的那个女孩是我妹妹。)
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。)
- The man whose car was stolen reported the case to the police.(那个车被盗的男人向警方报案了。)
2、关系副词引导的定语从句:when, where, why等。例如:
- The restaurant where we had dinner last night was very expensive.(昨晚我们吃晚饭的那家餐厅非常贵。)
- The reason why I’m late is because of the traffic.(我迟到的原因是因为交通堵塞。)
- The time when we met was in the summer of 2015.(我们见面的时间是在2015年的夏天。)
定语从句还可以根据是否对先行词有限制分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1、限制性定语从句:对先行词所指的范围进行限制,如果去掉定语从句,句子的意思就不完整或不明确。限制性定语从句通常不用逗号与主句分开。例如:
- The man who is standing over there is my father.(站在那边的那个人是我父亲。)
2、非限制性定语从句:对先行词所指的范围进行补充说明,如果去掉定语从句,句子的意思仍然完整。非限制性定语从句通常用逗号与主句分开。例如:
- My father, who is standing over there, is a doctor.(我父亲,站在那边的那个,是一名医生。)
关系代词和关系副词的选择如下:
1、who/whom:用于人,who作主语,whom作宾语(可省略),都可以用that代替(特殊情况除外)。例如:
- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(穿着红色连衣裙的那个女孩是我妹妹。)
- The man (whom) I met yesterday is very nice.(昨天我见到的那个男人非常友好。)
2、whose:用于人或物,表示所属关系。例如:
- The man whose car was stolen reported the case to the police.(那个车被盗的男人向警方报案了。)
3、which/that:用于物,which用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,that只能用于限制性定语从句。例如:
- The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。)
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。)
4、when:用于时间。例如:
- The time when we met was in the summer of 2015.(我们见面的时间是在2015年的夏天。)
5、where:用于地点。例如:
- The restaurant where we had dinner last night was very expensive.(昨晚我们吃晚饭的那家餐厅非常贵。)
6、why:用于原因。例如:
- The reason why I’m late is because of the traffic.(我迟到的原因是因为交通堵塞。)
更多例句:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
我昨天买的这本书非常有趣。 - The man who is standing over there is my brother.
那个站在那儿的人是我的兄弟。 - I don’t like the food which is served in this restaurant.
我不喜欢这家餐馆提供的食物。 - The company where he works is located in New York.
他工作的公司位于纽约。 - The movie that we watched last night was amazing.
我们昨晚看的电影很棒。 - The teacher whose students all adore her is retiring this year.
那位所有学生都很喜欢的老师今年要退休了。 - The car that was parked outside was stolen.
停在外面的那辆车被盗了。 - The dress that she is wearing is very pretty.
她穿的那件裙子很漂亮。 - The boy whom I met at the party was very friendly.
我在聚会上遇到的那个男孩非常友好。 - The hotel where we stayed was very comfortable.
我们住的那家宾馆非常舒适。 - The reason why she didn’t come to the meeting is unknown.
她为什么没有参加会议的原因不明。 - The city where I was born has changed a lot.
我出生的城市发生了很多变化。 - Do you remember the day when we first met?
你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗?